USING APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE CONTENT AND STYLE IN SPEAKING

 
Chapter 2

Participating in Debates, Dialogues, Interviews, Impromptu 

Speeches and Discussions

Expressing Opinion/Ideas/View Orally

Express Opinion/Ideas/View Orally

Language is a system of symbols that permit people to communicate or interact. Symbols can include vocal and written forms, gestures and body language. Language may be described in terms of four basics language skills; listening, speaking, reading as well as writing.

People generally learn these four skills from stage to stage, main focus in this topic will be in writing as well as speaking. Writing refers to process of reproducing symbols on paper to create words with meaning.

DEBATE

Refers to a method of formally presenting an argument in a displined manner through logical consistency, factual accuracy and some degree of emotional appeal to the audience.

Debate may be done in schools, community and other social contexts.

FORMAT OF DEBATES

Two groups are formed they comprise of a propossing and opposing side. Each side argues for their views and are judged by the judging team under a set criteria.

TYPES OF DEBATE

PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES: Take place in parliament and other legislatures. Members debate proposals regarding legislation before voting on the resolutions which become laws.

COMPETITIVE DEBATING: Teams compete against each other and are judged by a list of criteria usually based on content, style and strategy, this may be done at local, national or international level.

IMPROMPTU DEBATE: Is relatively informal style of debating compared to other highly structured formats. A topic is given to participants twenty minutes before the debates begins is characterised by a simple format.

DIALOGUE

Refers to a conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play or film or refers to a spoken conversational exchange between two or more people.

Dialogue may be of various forms: Egalitarian Dialogue, refers to the concept of dialogic learning ,it may be defined as dialogue in which contributions are considered according to the validity of their reasoning instead of status or position of power of those who make them.

Structured dialogue, refers to the disciplined form of dialogue where participants agree to follow framework or facilitation, Also enables groups to address complex shared problems. Structured dialogue is employed to complex problems such as peace making and indigenous community development.

INTERVIEW

Refers to conversation between two or more people in which person is asked question in order to know the facts and capability of person needed for particular position or job

Person who ask questions is called INTERVIEWER,and Person who answers questions from interviewer is called INTERVIEWEE. Interview also used in journalism and reporting news

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INTERVIEW

· An interview is more personal a questionnaire.

· The interviewer works directly with the interviewee.

·  Interviews are time consuming and resource intensive.

  An interviewer is trained to test individualProvides opportunity of face to face interaction between interviewer and interviewee.

IMPORTANT THINGS TO CONSIDER FOR INTERVIEWS

Knowledge of your resume. You have to know the ins and outs of your resumes after receiving call of interview from a recruiter.

 Find out about the company background, annual report and management profile.

 Study all data before the interview since knowledge of the company makes a great impression.

· Try to challenge yourself with various questions-and answer them but do not focus on salary or benefits.

· What to wear, a make good choice of clothes to wear for most preferred colours are grey, blue, black and remember to stay away from bright colours.

· Hairstyle matters, choose simple styles.

· Put you forms and other paper work together a day before the interview and remember to have multiple copies of your resumes.

· A Good night's rest is essential to wak up fresh fro the next day.

·Your confidence, exude your confidence, body language will speak louder than what you say. remember to use hand gestures and pay attention to your actions.

IMPROMPTU SPEAKING

Is the speech and debate individual event that involves five to eight minute speech with a short preparation of one to three minutes.

Speakers are given topic in terms of quotation, object, proverb or one abstract verb

Example of topics for impromptu speaking is:

·Tell us how to make new friend

· Tell us about your favourite holiday

· Exams are/are not good forms of assessments

 Competitors success and ranking is ultimate determined by judges decision

 CRITERIA THAT COMPETITORS AND JUDGES SHOULD ADHERE

·  Avoid exceeding two minutes on preparations

· Create an interpretation of prompt use it to establish argument or thesis

·Use heavenly examples such as historical background to support their argument

· Advanced speakers often use theories in conjunction with examples to illustrate them

·  Speaker are advised not to use pre prepared impromptu speech

Presenting Fact/Ideas Logically and Fluently

Present Fact/Ideas Logically and Fluently

Word fact originated from Latin word FACTUM which means thing to be done or performed.

Something that really occurred or in case. Facts refers to the truth known by actual experience or observation,something to be true. Facts also may be knowledge or information based ion real occurrence.

For example when one says Nyerere died in 1999 that will be a fact since has based on real occurance. One may say Aisha is honest there is no clear evidence about it so that will not be fact rather than opinion.

OPINIONS

Refers to view or judgment formed about something not necessarily based on facts or knowledge. Also may be statement of advice from expert on professional matter.

It is not necessarily for opinionbeing proven to be opinion but facts needs to be proven so as to be facts.