SOLVING HISTORY NECTA 2018

HISTORY NECTA 2018

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

SECTION A (20 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) -­ (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

(i) The average differences of age between parents and their children is called

A.  Period.

B.  Age.

C.  Family 

D.  Timeline.

E.  Generation.

(ii) The first creature to walk in an upright fashion was called

A.  Homo Erectus.           

B.  Primates.

C.  Homo Sapiens.           

D.  Hominids.

E.  Homo Habilis.

(iii) Archaeological findings whose ages are beyond 5,000 years are determined by

A.  Using archives.

B.  Using carbon 14.

C.  Remembering events.

D.  Using time charts.

E.  Narration of past events.

(iv) What was the achievement of man during the Middle Stone Age?

A.  Discovery of fire

B.  Development of bipedalism

C.  Domestication of animals

D.  Making and using pebble tools

E.  Discovery of iron

(v) Which one among the following places did people paint and draw in the caves?

A.  Sofala

B.  Karagwe

C.  Kondoa Irangi

D. Tabora

E.  Karagwe

(vi) Trading contacts between East Africa and Asia in the 16th centuries were disturbed by

A.  Berlin conference resolutions.        

B.  Activities of agents of colonialism.

C.  Expulsion of the Portuguese.           

D.  Effects of the First World War.

E.  Portuguese invasion.

(vii) Who was the greatest ruler of Mali.

A.  Askia Mohamed 

B.  Mansa Kankan Musa

C.  Osei Tutu

D.  Uthman dan Fodio

E.  Suni Ali

(viii) The making of goods and services available for human needs is known as

A. consumption.

B. production.

C. consolidation.

D. interaction.

E. transition.

(ix) Which one of the following was theimmediate consequence of the developmentof Triangular trade?

A.  Decolonization of African countries

B.  Disruption of trans-Saharan trade

C.  Scramble and partition of Africa

D.  Adaptation of the Open Door Policy

E.  Implementation of indirect rule policy

(x) America defeated her colonial master in

A.  1873.

B.  1884

C.  1945

D.  1776

E.  1918

2. Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

List A

List B

(i) An organizationcomprising of lessdevelopedcountries in theworld. (ii) A regional grouping of countries from West Africa. (iii) An organization whose formation was facilitated by Pan-Africanism. (iv) Anorganization whichreplaced theformerOrganization of African Unity. (v) An economicgroupingcomprising of 21states in east and southern Africa. (vi) An organization which was founded by Julius Nyerere, Milton Obote and Jomo Kenyatta. (vii) An international organization comprising of independent states from all over the world. (viii) An organ of the United Nations formed by fifteen member nations. (ix) A famous nationalist political organization inMozambique. (x) A nationalist political party headed by JuliusNyerere.

A  ECOWAS B  AU C  FRELIMO D  NAM E  UNITA F  OAU G  SADC H  COMESA I   EAC J   UNO K  SECURITY COUNCIL L  UPC M  TANU N  ZANU O  IMF P   WORLD BANK Q  ILO R  UNESCO S  FAO T  ANGLOPHONE

SECTION B (20 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

               

3. (a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and locate the following:

    

 (i) A country in West Africa which attained independence under the leadership of Nnamdi Azikiwe.

 (ii) A country which became peaceful after the death of Jonas Savimbi in 2002.

 (iii) A country whose nationalist leader became her president after being imprisoned for 27 years.

 (iv) German East Africa

(v) A country in which the Headquarters of the African Union issituated.

(b)   Outline five problems which faced Tanganyika African National Union during the struggle   for independence.

4. (a) Arrange the following statements in chronological order by writing number 1 to 5 beside the item number.

(i). Portuguese were expelled from FortJesus.

 (ii). Vasco Da Gama reaches East Africa.

 (iii). Bartholomew Diaz reaches the Cape of Good Hope.

 (iv). Tanganyika becomes a mandate colony under the British.

 (v). Britain becomes the first nation to undergo industrialization

(b) The items (i-v) consist of four sentences which form a complete historical meaning. One of the sentences is missing. Identify the missing sentence from the sentences (A - E) given after each set of items and write its letter beside the item number

(i) 1. Clan organization was formed byseveral related families.

2.            

3. Clan organization developed both matrilineal and patrilineal societies.

4. In matrilineal societies clan heritage was based on the mother.

A  People in clan organizations weregoverned by grandfathers.

B  People in clan organizations were governed by clan heads.

C  People in clan organizations were governed by kings.

D  People in clan organizations were governed by chiefs.

E  People in clan organizations weregoverned by queens.

(ii) 1. One of the first Europeans to enter theinterior of East Africa were traders.

2. Most of these traders were British andGermans.

3. Carl Peters led the German East Africa COmpany to sign bogus treaties with Africanchiefs.

       

4.            

A.  Imperial British Africa Company ledby Cecil Rhodes ruled Uganda.

B.  Traders facilitated colonialism by constructing infrastructure.

C.  Royal Niger Company in East Africa played similar roles.

D.  Chartered companies contributed to the decolonisation of Africa.

E.  European companies aided Africans in their struggles for independence.

(iii) 1. There were few communal societies in East Africa by 1850.

2. These include the Hadzabe inTanzania and the Dorobo in Kenya.

3.           

4. They had few external interactionsand maintained their mode of production.

A.  These people used slaves in their social and economic production.

B.  These people were famous long distance traders.

C.  These people resisted strongly against the colonialists.

D.  These people were displaced in South Africa by Mfecane.

E.  These people still lived in shifting groups of hunters and gatherers.

(iv) 1. From 1860s capitalism transformed from competitive to monopoly.

2.. This phase was characterized by formation of big monopolies companies.

3. Secondly, banks now lent money forand directed investment.

4.                        .

A.  The third feature was the mergingof bank and industrial capital.

B.  The third feature was the formation of the League of Nations.

C  The third feature was theemergence of Pan-Africanism.

D  The third feature was the abolition of slave trade.

E  The third feature was the decolonization of Africa.

(v) 1. East Africa was seriously affected by the development of capitalism.

2. These effects range from slave trade to the colonization of Africa.

3.             

4. During the 1850s, slaves became the major commodity.

A.  Before the 1850s sisal and cotton were the major commodities.

B.  Before the 1850s gold and cotton were the major commodities.

C.  Before the 1850s the major commodities were slaves and ivory.

D.  Before the 1850s sisal and iron were the major commodities.

E.  Before the 1850s iron and coal were the major commodities.

SECTION C (60 Marks)

Answer three (3) questions from this section.

5. In six points, explain the importance of Museums to national development.

6. Examine six effects of Majimaji uprising inTanganyika.

7. Assess six main features of colonial trade and commerce in Africa.

8. “East Africa was affected by the coming of Oman rulers in Zanzibar form 1840s”. Discuss this statement by giving six points.

9. With concrete examples, assess six problems facing the current East AfricanCommunity.

10. Assess six effects of economic interactions among the people of AFrica during the pre-colonial period.

ANSWERS (NECTA 2018)

1. 

i	ii	iii	iv	V
E	A	B	A	C

vi	vii	viii	ix	x
E	B	B	B	D

2. 

i	ii	iii	iv	v
O	H	B	J	G

vi	vii	viii	ix	x
I	K	A	C	M

3. (a) MAP  OF AFRICA

KEY

I =NIGERIA

II =ANGOLA

III =SOUTH AFRICA

IV =GERMAN EAST AFRICA

V =ETHIOPIA

(b)  Five problems faced T.A.N.U during the struggle for independence were

i. Opposition from African National Congress party (ANC).

 ii. The British colonial government made everything possible to ban TANU by calling it an illegal movement.

 iii. Opposition from Tanganyika party (UTP) which was formed by the chiefs and Europeans in 1956.

iv. Prevented of civil servants joining the party.

v. Opposition from Church Missionaries Society.

4(a).

I	ii	iii	iv	v
3	2	1	5	4

(b)

I	ii	iii	iv	v
B	B	E	A	C

5. Museums refer to the places or buildings where information and objects are preserved. Museums involves all terms which shows culture, political economic and technological development from the past to the present.  Objects can be preserved in museums are early coins, clothes, mineral cowries, religious and ceremonial symbols.
Also Museum can be national, Regional, District and village Example National Museums in Dar es salaam, Bagamoyo, Butiama, Kalenga Iringa.

The following are the six importances of Museums to the national development

i. Museums preserve objects which are used as the teaching aids.

ii. Museums used by researcher as a source of information

iii. Museums preserves culture and national identity.

 iv. Museums acts as tourist center.

v. Museums enable learners to arouse creativity.

vi. Museums create employment opportunity.

6. Majimaji resistance was a large scale resistance which occurred in 1905-1907 between the southern Tanganyika societies against Germany rule. It was organized by a leader known as KinjetikitileNgwale.

Majimaji resistance broke out in 1905-1907following the Germany brutal /harsh rule and exploitation along the southern part of Tanganyika. Germany introduced the cotton plantations by which people were much affected by that since their land was taken. People were forced to work, they were paid low wages and forced to pay taxes as a result KinjekitileNgwale who was religious charismatic and revolutionary leader, organized the southern Tanganyika societies which involved different tribes like the Ngindos, Matumbi, Mbugu, Pogoro, Maasai, from different areas such as Makonde plateau, Songea, Kilombero valley, Mahenge and Dar es salaam.

The following were the six effects of Majimaji war uprising in Tanganyika

i. Large famine and starvations broke out among the African communities, farms and food stores were set on fire i.e. fungafunga.

 ii. Depopulation. Fighters and common villagers died in the war.

iii. Large scale migration. Africans migrated from the areas affected by war; they were looking for asylum for their survival.

iv. The colonial government made a positive change on the side of Africans. The Africans were no longer forced to work they would choose to work or not.

v. The Majimaji resistance gave a lesson to the future life Tanganyikans that; the use of force does not always give fruitful results.

     vi. Brutal system of administrations of using Jumbes and Akidas was replaced by young men from mission schools; this had improved the system of administration.

7. European colonialists introduced trading activities while they started to import several items such as clothes, simple machines from Europe. On the other hand Colonial Governments started to export raw materials from Africa to their mother countries.

The following were the six main features of colonial trade and commerce in Africa

i. The dominant of colonial trade was Arabs and Indians in east Africa and Syrians and Lebanese in West Africa other than Africa.

ii. Colonial trade and commerce based on exploitations of raw materials such as minerals and agricultural products.

iii. Money became the means of trading this was replaced the pre-colonial barter trade.

iv. Colonial trade and commerce established marketing boards - So as to control trade transaction and prices of the commodities.

v. Colonial trade and commerce based also on creation of storage facilities aims to store commodities and raw material.

vi. Colonial trade and commerce monopolized their colonies to retail trade sector.

8.  The Oman Arabs helped East Africans to defeat Portuguese along the coastal in 1698. Oman now became rulers. Therefore people of East Africa were not free apart from defeating the Portuguese.

In 1741 Mombasa established her independence chief domain under Mazmi family; this was an order from Arabs family of Oman in origin the Mazmi family was conquered by Sultan Seyyid Said of Oman. From 1840 onwards; Sultan Seyyid Said becomes the master of the East African coast.

The following are the six points show how the coming of Oman rulers in Zanzibar affected East Africa

 i. Increase of slave trade.

ii. Land alienation.

iii. Exploitation of African resources.

iv. Death due to resistance against the Arabs

         

v. Much suffering of people due to slavery activities.

vi. Destruction of Eastern African culture

9. The Current East African Community (EAC) is a regional intergovernmental organization of six (6) Partner States, comprising Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda, with its headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania which implemented on 7, July 2000 after collapsed of former East African Community (EAC) in 1977.

The following are the six problems facing current East African Community

i. Conflicts among member the states

EAC has to maintain peace among the member states. The aberrancy peace in countries such as northern Uganda will not enable free movement of people in commercial activities. Peace has to prevail for the eventual success

ii. There are still some fears among member states that countries with stronger economic such as Kenya are likely to enjoy more benefits from the organization

 iii. Bilateral issues involving different member states also complicated the work of the organization for instance the contest between Kenya- Uganda since 2007 over the tiny mingingo Island which lies on the boundary between the two countries complicates the affairs of the EAC

iv. Cattle rustling involving border communities in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania have also been another challenge confronting the organization

v. Membership of the partner states in other regional organizations also creates problems within the EAC.

For example Tanzania is also a member of the SADC while Uganda and Kenya are members of COMESA.

vi. East African Community faced poor physical infrastructure and utilities.

10. Interaction can be defined as the way in which people from a given community came into contact with another community. The interaction among African people in pre colonial period resulted from their various struggles to meet their daily requirements and further social and economic development.

The following were the six effects of economic interaction among the African people during pre colonial period

i. Growth of towns and cities

Trading activities stimulated the emergence of urban centers along the trade natures and centers. Areas that produced trade commodities in West, North and East Africa become remarkable urban center; example Taghaza, Timbuktu, Gao, Kumbisaleh in West Africa, Alex and Rial in Tripoli and Cairo in north Africa, Malindi, Mombasa. Bagamoyo, Zanzibar, Tabora and Ujiji in East Africa.

ii. Exposure of Africa to the external world

The African coast and interior areas were invalided to the outside world. People were engaged in trading activities and slowly they created trading contacts with the Europeans. African was producing goods that were observed by the outside world.

iii. Intensification of agricultural production

Due to good manufacturing and use of better tools and high demands of food stuffs; cash crops and animals products became very important among Africans.

iv. Development of technical skills and new areas

Trading activities stimulated the emergency and growth of technical skills. Africans were able to process gold, iron smelting and cloth making.

v. Over exploitation of African resources

Trade items such as ivory, gold, copper and animals skins, supplied within African and later to outside world. Later on those resources were highly demanded by the outside world like Asia and Europe. Therefore traders take them to outside world of large quantities.

vi. The decrease of manpower

Many people in the Western Sudan and East Africa interior were captured as slaves to meet the high demands of slaves by long distance and Trans-Saharan trade.

vii. Emergence of classes

The interactions of people on Africa resulted into classes of rich and poor; those who engaged in trade and agricultural activities became economically powerful than those who did not engage in these activities.

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