SOLVING OF HISTORY NECTA 2008
HISTORY NECTA 2008
(For Both School and Private Candidates)
SECTION A (20 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
Answer all questions in this section.
1. For each of the items (i) (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.
(i) The two types of oral traditions are
A cultural practices and historical sites
B museums and historical
C cultural practices and archives
D cultural practices and narration of past events
E historical sites, museums and archives.
(ii) The advantages of using better tools during the new stone age were the following except
A family life became more stable
B communities were able to produce more food
C division of labour emerged
D men became responsible for hunting and defence
E settled life discouraged communal life.
(iii) Which of the following functions wasperformed by chiefs under indirect rule inAfrica?
A Collection of taxes
B Loading cash crops into ships
C Advising the governor
D Promoting international capital export
E Organizing election of the colonialofficials
(iv) Early commercial contacts betweenAfrica and Asian World is evidenced by thePeriplus of the Erythrean sea written around
A 200 years BC
B 15th century
C 7th century
D first century
E 13th century.
(v) The agents of industrial capitalism hadgreat contribution to the colonization ofAfrica because
A they reported about the richness of the interior of Africa
B they preached the word of God and wanted Africans to be civilized
C they discovered new places whereEuropeans would shift and makesettlements
D Africa would benefit by trading with European companies
E Europe could solve her internal problems by exploiting African resources.
(vi) A successful resistance againstcolonialism in Africa occurred in
A Ethiopia
B Liberia
C Egypt
D Sierra Leone
E Ghana.
(vii) The main objectives of theconstruction of the railway networks duringcolonial rule in Africa were the following except transportation o
A raw materials from the interior ofAfrica
B the tourists to the interior of Africa
C the colonial officials and troops to theinterior of Africa
D European manufactured goods to the interior of Africa
E missionaries, settlers and labourers from and to the interior of Africa.
(viii) One of the political effects of theFirst World War on Africa was
A intensive exploitation of Africanresources
B death among the African soldiers
C of communicable diseases
D putting all German colonies under the League of Nations
E returning of Alsace and Lorraine to France from Germany domination.
(ix) The term “decolonization” as appliedto African struggle for independence means
A a process of liberating children and women from forced labour
B a process of strengthening colonialties
C to welcome the colonialists for the second time
D process and activities leading to independence
E to deny taxation.
(x) It was necessary for independent African states to opt for socialism policy of production because of the need to
A have assistance from the USSR
B achieve development and unity
C contain the European world
D have new African thoughts
E have Africans in European economy.
ANSWERS FOR QN 1.
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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vi
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vii
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viii
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ix
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x
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C
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C
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B
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D
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D
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B
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E
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A
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B
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A
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LIST A
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LIST B
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(I)
Zanzibar
(II)
The anglo
German Agreement of 1886
(III)
Emin Pahsa
(IV)
Mwanga
(V)
France ,Britain
and German
(VI)
Ethiopia
(VII)
Congo
(VIII)
USA
(IX)
Chancellor
Bismarck
(X)
Karl Peters
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A. The Egyptian governor
of the equatorial pronvice in Sudan
B. The king of
present day Mwanga district
C. Put Africa
under colonial rule
D. The centre of
foreigners in East Africa during the scramble
E. Great European nations
which scrambled for Africa
F. An area which
had morden heavy clove processing industries
G. Defined most of
the North coastal areas to be under the sultan’s domain
H. Chaired the
Berlin conference
I. The kabaka who
was deported by the European religious factions
J. Did not enter
into the race of diving Africa
K. Given to
Belgium in 1884/1885 conference
L. Was not
colonized
M. Made Germany
posses East Africa
N. Was fought for
by Arabs
O. A leader of
nyamwezi
P. Was responsible
for defeat of Italians in Ethiopia
Q. Encouranged the
British to colonize Zambia and Malawi
R. Introduced by
French
S. Signed bogus
treaties with the Arabs in Zanzibar
T. Was given
Reunion and Mauritius as her colonies
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ANSWERS FOR QN 2.
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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vi
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vii
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viii
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ix
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x
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D
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B
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E
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T
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A
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R
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G
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J
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Q
| K |
SECTION B (20 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
3. (a) Draw a sketch map showing theTrans-saharan trade routes of Western Sudanic states and
indicate the trading centres of Sijilmasa, Taghaza, Timbuktu, Tripoli and Ghat.
(b) Mention five (5) trade items that were involved in the trans-saharan trade.
ANSWERS FOR QN 3.
ANSWERS FOR QN 3.
3. (a) MAP SHOWING THE TRANS-SAHARAN ROOTS OF WESTERN SUDANIC STATES
(b) Five (5) trade items involved in Trans Sahara trade were
i. Salt
ii. Swords
iv. Ostrich feathers
v. Guns
4. (a) Arrange sentences in chronological order.
(i) Slaves taken from different parts of the interior of Africa to the coast passed through special caravan routes.
(ii) From the interior the caravans took mostly slaves and ivory to the coast and from the coast the caravans brought cloth, salt, iron and other imported consumer goods.
(iii) The caravan owners employed experienced slave drivers who knew the routes and areas of slave trading activities.
(iv) These caravan routes had been traditional trade routes before the slave trade
(v) Along these caravan routes calling stations for slaves were established e.g. Kotakota, Karonga, Chikola, Tabora, Ujiji andMpwapwa.
(b) Each of the following paragraphs is supposed to have five (5) sentences which form a complete historical meaning. One sentence ismissing. Identify the missing sentence from the sentences listed below each paragraph. The sentences are labeled A to E. Write the letter of missing sentence in your answer booklet beside the item number.
(i) 1.At independence, all Africancountries inherited backward agrarianeconomies.
2. .
3. The economies were also externally oriente
4. They were based on the export of raw materials and import of consumer goods and machinery.
5. The industrial sector was basedon semi-processing of raw materials.
A They were characterized by large number of manpower.
B They were characterized by the use of simple hand tools such as the hoes and the matchets.
C They were characterized by advanced technology such as huge and sophiscated machines for cultivation and carrying goods.
D They were characterized by the well developed infrastructures such as Railways and Roads which facilitated the growth and expansion of agrarian sector.
E They were characterized by the presence of modern peasants.
(ii) 1.German encroachment in East Africa began with the treaty making activities of Karl
Peters.
2. The latter was a member of a group of Germany capitalist desperately looking for colonies in Africa.
3. In fact, he was a president of the societies formed in Germany to undertake the search for colonies.
4. .
2. The latter was a member of a group of Germany capitalist desperately looking for colonies in Africa.
3. In fact, he was a president of the societies formed in Germany to undertake the search for colonies.
4. .
5. By the time of Berlin conference of 1884/1885, Karl Peter’s was already in East Africa trying to carve a sphere of influence for German imperialism.
A His society was called the society for German colonization.
B His society was called Germany East African Company.
C His society was called Royal society for Germany. D His society was called Germany system.
E His society was called the Germany Association Society.
(iii) 1.The sudden rise of the Zulu kingdom led to many people being drivenfrom their original homes.
2. Zwangendaba group of Ngoni travelled Westward through Mwenemutapa empire.
3. Ndwandwe army fled northwardsinto Southern Mozambique.
4. .
5. Where Zwangendaba died about1848.
A Zwangendaba group moved northwards and reached Ufipa near Southern end of Lake Tanganyika.
B Zwangendaba group went northward to Malawi.
C Zwangendaba group traveled to Northern part of Tanganyika.
D This was the Ngoni diaspora inSouth West and Central Africa.
E The Ngoni crossed River Zambezi around 1847.
(iv)1.Explorers came to find more about East Africa for capitalist interest in Europe and America.
2. Like the missionaries, they were being financed by individuals and capitalist companies. 3. Rebman reached Mt. Kilimanjaro in 1848. Richard Burton and John Speke went as far as Lake Tanganyika between 1857 and 1859.
4. Speke and Grant went as far as Lake Victoria and Buganda between 1860 and 1863.
5. .
A Karl Peters travelled between 1853 and 1873 to central and East African coast.
B William Macknon travelled between 1853 and 1873 to central and East African coast.
C David Livingstone travelled between 1853 and 1873 to central and East African Coast.
D Henry Stanley travelledbetween 1853 and 1873 to central and EastAfrican Coast.
E Dr. Mungo Park travelled between 1853 and 1873 to East Africancoast.
(v) 1. Before Arab colonization around 1840 the coastal societies were feudal.
2. At the top of social hierarchy wasthe great Lord called Mwinyi Mkuu.
3. .
4. The Mwinyi Mkuu lived off surplus product of peasantry.
5. He appointed tax collectors called shakua.
A He ruled with the consent ofthe next officials called Jumbe or Mwinyi.
B He ruled with the consent of the next officials called Sheik or Jumbe.
C He ruled with the consent of the next officials called Sharif or Sheha.
D He ruled with the consent of the next officials called Sheha or Diwani.
E He ruled with the conet of the next officials called ministers.
2. At the top of social hierarchy wasthe great Lord called Mwinyi Mkuu.
3. .
4. The Mwinyi Mkuu lived off surplus product of peasantry.
5. He appointed tax collectors called shakua.
A He ruled with the consent ofthe next officials called Jumbe or Mwinyi.
B He ruled with the consent of the next officials called Sheik or Jumbe.
C He ruled with the consent of the next officials called Sharif or Sheha.
D He ruled with the consent of the next officials called Sheha or Diwani.
E He ruled with the conet of the next officials called ministers.
ANSWERS FOR QN 4. (a)
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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D
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D
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C
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A
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D
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(b)
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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3
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2
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1
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5
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4
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SECTION C (60 Marks)
Answer three (3) questions from this section.
5. Appraise the advantages of iron technology in pre-colonial Africa.
6. Explain why some areas in Africa experienced more intensive scramble than others.
7. Explain the problems that faced the nationalist struggle in Nigeria during 1950s.
8. Distinguish settler economy from peasant economy in Africa during colonial period.
9. Analyse the causes of Zanzibar Revolution.
10.What measures were taken by Tanzaniaafter independence to enable every citizen tohave access to education?
ANSWERS TO QN 5-10
iv. Hunger and famine
5. Iron technology was the technology occur when man made and used iron tools during pre-colonial Africa period. Iron tools were discovered about 3000 years ago. The first people to make and use iron tools in Africa were the people of Ethiopia and Egypt.
The following were the advantages of iron technology in pre-colonial Africa
i. Iron technology led to increase in food production.
ii. Iron technology led to increase in population due to more food.
iii. There was emergence of specialization such as iron workers (black smiths) and food producers.
iv. Iron technology led to the emergence of complex of villages/development of political organization as Kingdom and states.
v. Tools were highly improved and more efficient.
6. Scramble meant a great struggle for colonies on the African continent among the European powers. The scramble for and partition of Africa took place in the second half of the 19th century.
The following were the reasons for some areas in Africa to experience more intensive scramble than others.
i. Fertile land
These areas which seemed to have a fertile land like Zimbabwe and some parts of Kenya like the kikuyu highlands experienced more intensive scramble than other areas.
ii. Minerals
Minerals also made some areas in Africa to experience more intensive scramble than others; For example South Africa, this region was scrambled by the Dutch(Boers) and the British. The Dutch landed at the cape under the Dutch East India Company in 1962. In 1795 the British conquered the Dutch East India Company at the Cape. After a while the Dutch-Boers migrated Northwards during the Great Boers Trek. Eventually they settled in the Orange Free State and Transvaal. The Orange Free State had diamonds which was discovered in 1867 while Transvaal’s gold was discovered in 1885.
iii. Navigable water
Example Suez Canal and Congo Basin are some areas which experienced more intensive scramble. For example the Congo Basin was scrambled for by Belgium, Britain, France and Portugal. And Suez Canal was scrambled for by both the British and the French.
iv. Large population
These areas which were having large population also experienced more intensive scramble example Congo basin had high population for markets.
Therefore the Europeans only scrambled for areas with those characteristics mentioned above. And these areas which were scrambled and eventually partitioned by the Europeans had economic importance to the European power
7. Nigeria is a country in West Africa and was colonized by the British. The British wanted some of the products, like palm oil and palm kernels, the Nigerians made so they decided to colonize Nigeria it took them a while. Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960 on October first. The British had been indirectly ruling for just about 76 years. Nigeria had been colonized by Britain’s military force.
The following were the problems faced nationalist struggle in Nigeria in 1950s
i. Some nationalists were killed, breaking the morale of other freedom fighters
ii. Some were arrested
iii. They lacked unity, rendering their struggle less effective against colonial rule.
iii. They lacked unity, rendering their struggle less effective against colonial rule.
iv. Hunger and famine
v. Fear and insecurity
vi. Number of nationalist decreased.
8. Settler economy involved production by foreigners. These foreigners usual presented the interests of the metropolis (i.e. their main interest were mining and agriculture in the colonized countries).
Peasant economy involved small scale agriculture productions where by a farmer produces both food crops and cash crops. Colonialists introduced peasant economy during colonial rule for the following aims/reasons earning cash by selling cash crops, production and producing food crops for their survival during colonial rule and to ensure that peasants [small scale farmers] are producing for capitalists.
The following were the differences of settler economy from peasant economy in Africa during colonial period
i. Settler economy based on large unit of land WHILE Peasant based on a small unit of land.
ii. Settler economy based on single cropsWHILE peasant based on inter-cropping.
iii. Settler used advanced technologyWHILE Peasant used poor technology
iv. Settler economy based on land alienation WHILE Peasant used on a dense population made it hard for land alienation to be practiced
v. In settler economy main activities were mining and agriculture WHILE In peasant economy main activities was agriculture.
vi. In settler economy development of infrastructures was inevitable to serve the settlers WHILE in peasant economy there was not development of infrastructure.
9. Revolution is the process of removing the existing government. OR Revolution is a discontented reaction through violence exercised by the majority of the country population in order to gain recognition or reform when legal and moderate means of political or social change fail.
Zanzibar revolution was a complete overthrow of the Arab government by the Africans who were subjected to it. It was a fundamental alteration of principle and practices of Arab Sultan government by the African people.
The Revolution was organized by the ASP under sheikh Aman Karume with the support from Umma party under Mohamed Babu in 12 Jan 1964. The group of armed people who physically took part in revolution was led by John Okelo–a Lango young man from Uganda. This was secretary of A.S.P young wing in Pemba.
The following were the causes of Zanzibar revolution
i. Exploitation of Africans by the Arab’s government,
Africans were dissatisfied by Arabs Mass exploitation so they decided to overthrow the government.
ii. Economic difficulties caused by the World wide drop in price of cloves,
This made government to reduce expenditure on social service, schools were closed, teachers became unemployed and medical facilities were cut down. This gave rise to group of unemployed who were suffering peasants to join and over throw the government.
iii. Historical differences and grievances between Arabs and Africans in Zanzibar,
Since the establishment of Arab administration and clove plantation in Zanzibar by Seyyid Said. Since then the relation between Arabs and Africans determinate Arabs made Africans slaves. So Africans brought revolution against this domination.
iv. Land alienation problem,
Arabs owned large portion of fertile land and employed Africans as labours in cloves and coconut plantations. The Africans became helpless peasant, Fisher men and squatter in Arab farms. This facilitated revolution.
v. Monopolization of trade by the foreigners i.e. Asians monopolized commercial life in Zanzibar thus made people to fight.
vi. British colonial legacy,
The British left the Arabs to dominate all key sectors because they were their friend and puppets. Africans were less favored in employment opportunities example in civil services etc.
vii. The role of John Okello,
He mobilized people to do surprise attack and maintain secrecy.
viii. The election result of 1961 and 1963,
These elections were not fairly conducted on the side ASP. The Africans were not satisfied with these elections which gave power to Arab Minority hence they decided to overthrow the government.
ix. Dictatorship of Mohamed Shamte,
The government surprised the political right of Africans. E.g.Vigul to freedom of association.
x. Discrimination of Africans by the Arabs,
Africans were not treated equally with the Arabs.
10. Independence refers to the total liberation of man from poverty, ignorance, disease,, exploitation and oppression. Such liberation can be achieved if African political systems can enable their people to plan their economic development and attain prosperity.
Since independence; Tanzania government have attempted various ways of bringing about real independence by improving communication system and expanding education. Tanzania.
The following were the measures taken by Tanzania after independence to enable every citizen to have access to education
i. The government made education a right to all Tanzanians irrespectively of one‟s race or level of income.
Colonial education had discriminated the Africans in the provision of education whereby preference was given to Europeans and Asians.
ii. There was an increase of primary and secondary school enrollment following the government’s campaign and emphasis on education.
Enrollment in colonial education was restricted; the colonialists simply wanted a few Africans who would assist the colonial administrators.
iii. There were changes regarding the content of colonial education.
There was introduction of various disciplines and not only the agricultural sector. This was a crucial step in producing educated people with different skills; this move was taken to support development in the country.
iv. The government established the university college of Dar es salaam as the state university.
The establishment of the university was to acquire highly educated Tanzanians who will play a leading role in developing the country.
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