SOLVING OF HISTORY NECTA 2009
For each of the items (i)-(x) choose the correct answer from among the alternative and write its letter besides the item number.
(i) Which one among the following statements is not true about the discoveries made by man during the middle stone age?
A Development of sharper, smaller and portable tools
B Introduction of stones picks, spears, arrows, knives and needle
C Use of wooden and bone materials to facilitate production
D Discovery of life
E Emergence of social cultural group or ethnics groups.
(ii) The Portuguese conquest of East African Coast was led by
A King Emmanuel
B Ahmed Ibn Majid
C Henry the Navigator
D Vasco Salgado
E Fransisco D’ Almeida.
(iii) Which one of the following best describes the Stone Age Era?
A When man used stone artifacts widely in his daily life
B When stones were formed on earth
C When man used stones widely as ornaments
D When Africans used stones to fight against invaders
E When stone became a major commodity in a long distance trade.
(iv) Why are missionaries important in African history?
A Treated Africans very well
B Brought in trade goods with them
C Accounts of their expeditions and experiences attracted more Europeans
D Established medical services
E Introduced civilization in Africa.
(v) Who among the following supported greatly the idea to have a British Empire from the Cape to Cairo?
A Sir George Goldie
B Cecil John Rhodes
C Captain Frederick Lugard
D Sir Harry Johnston
E Karl Peters.
(vi) The first British Governor in Kenya Charles Eliot on the
A Construction of the Ugandan railway
B Establishment of settler economy
C Creation of Kenya as the industrial centre for East Africa
D Introduction of steamers in Lake Victoria
E Integration of Kikuyu into plantation economy.
(vii) Which among of the following statements was a problem towards independence in Nigeria?
A Elitism, tribalism and ignorance
B Regionalism, tribalism and religion
C Poverty, tribalism and ignorance
D Religion, tribalism and poverty
E Elitism, tribalism and poverty.
(viii) One of the major objectives of SADC is to
A Help member states to secure genuine and equitable regional integration
B Establish a common defence among the member states
C Promote the use of Kiswahili language among the member states
D Help Southern African to be self-reliant instead of depending on south Africa
E Help member states to combat HIV/AIDS pandemic.
(ix) One of the important features of feudal relations of production as prevailed in the interlacustrine region during the pre-colonial period was
A Commercial ownership of Land
B Communal ownership of land
C Private Ownership of land and cattle
D Private Ownership of labour force
(x) One of the notable United Nations failure in its objectives is its inability to
A control food shortage
B eradicate colonial rule
C establish tribunes for war criminals
D prevent big powers from violating its principles
E control poverty in Africa.
ANSWERS TO QN 1.
ANSWERS TO QN 1.
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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vi
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vii
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viii
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ix
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x
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B
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E
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A
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C
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B
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B
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B
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D
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C
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B
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2.Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.
List A
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List B
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(i) 1847
(ii) 1815
(iii) 1869
(iv) 1890
(v) 1929
(vi) 1954
(vii) 1967
(viii) 1982
(ix) 1994
(x) 2001
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A. Great Economic Crisis started.
B. Independence of Liberia.
C. The Tanzania People Defence Force was formed.
D. Bartholomew Diaz landed in South Africa.
E. Suez canal was opened.
F. The organization of Africa Unit gave birth to African Union.
G. Beginning of British rule in Zanzibar.
H. Nelson Mandela was released from Reben Island.
I. Britain annexed cape colony.
J. Tanzania adopted National Economic Survival Programme.
K. Kenya entered into the first multiparty election.
L. Genocide in Rwanda.
M. Birth of the Tanganyika African National Union.
N. The policy of socialism and Self Reliance was introduced in Tanzania.
O. Samora Machel was assassinated.
P. Kwame Nkuruma became president of Ghana.
Q. Vasco Da Gama reached India.
R. German colonial administration came to an end.
S. Jan Van Riebeeck landed at the cape of South Africa.
T. First World War came to an end.
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ANSWER TO QN 2.
SECTION B (20 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section
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i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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B
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-
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E
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G
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A
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Vi
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Vii
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Viii
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IX
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X
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M
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N
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H
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L
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F
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SECTION B (20 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section
3. (a) Draw a sketch map of East Africa and mark the following historical sites: Olduvai gorge, Fort Ternan, Rusinga Island, Kondoa and Nsongezi.
(b) State the Historical significance of the sites mention in (a) above.
ANSWERS TO QN 3.
3. (a) Well labeled Sketch map of East Africa’s historical sites
(b) Historical significance of the sites mention in (a) above are
(i) Preserves historical information for the coming generations.
(ii) They are useful sources of information and to reconstruct history.
(iii) They are the symbols of social cultural heritage to the society concern past human tools, rock, paints etc.
4. (a) Arrange the following statements in chronological order by using number 1 to 5 to write beside item number.
i. Furthermore the trade increased in size when in the 1770s the French opened up plantation of sugar in Mauritius and Reunion.
ii. However, the indigenous chiefs in the hinterland of East Africa participated fully in the trade because it was their source of political and economic power.
iii. At the beginning Slave Trade was small in size because the slaves were taken to work as domestic slaves.
iv. The coming of Portuguese increased the demand for slaves because many people were enslaved for the big plantation of coffee in Brazil.
v. The coming of Seyyid Said to Zanzibar intensified the trade. The clove and coconut economy in Zanzibar mainly depended on the Slave Trade.
(b) Identify the incorrect historical statement in the following items and write its letter beside the item number.
(i) A Selling war prisoners was one of the methods used to obtain slaves in East Africa.
B Slaves traders raided villages during nights to captures slaves.
C Some members of the family were convinced to join slavery.
D Dangerous criminals and other laws-breakers were sold as slaves in some societies.
E Frequent burning of villages added number of slaves to slave traders.
(ii) A History is a record of human activities.
B Human activities enabled man to obtain his needs from nature.
C Man enters into definite social relations with other people
D History accounts for Queens and Kings.
E Man’s basic needs constitute food, clothing and shelter.
(iii) A state organization as a pre-colonial African political system was purely based on pastoral economy practiced by Nandi, Turkana and Maasai people.
B Age-set-system depended on keeping herds of cattle and the leadership was age-based.
C The Baganda practised state organization which had permanent farming economy.
D Mixed farming was principally exercise by the Ntemiship organiSational systems mainly among the Sukuma, Kikuyu and Kamba people.
E Clan organisation was among political systems practised through shifting argriculture.
(iv) A The Berlin Conference of 1884/1885 was an imperialist conference which brought together Europeans and African chiefs to divide Africa.
B The Berlin Conference legalised the division of African countries among European capitalists.
C The Berlin Conference solved the conflict among the European powers over African land.
D The Berlin Conference declared the basins of Nile, Niger and Congo Rivers over a free zones.
E The Berlin Conference resolved to abolish slave trade in all European occupied territories.
(v) A The plantation agriculture was a very distinctive form of cultivation in which specialized crop were grown.
B The plantation agriculture used as a large number of closely unskilled labourers who were supervised by foremen.
C In Central Africa rubber plantations were owned by the Germans and the French settlers.
D Plantations were scientifically managed and involved the use of machines.
E There was a maximum of profit making through super exploitation of labourers during colonial period.
ANSWER TO QN 4. (a)
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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3
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5
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1
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2
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4
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(b)
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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v
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D
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D
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A
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A
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C
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SECTION C (60 Marks)
Answer three(3) questions from this section.
5. Explain the factors for the rise of the Bunyoro – Kitara Kingdom.
6. Account for the Nandi resistance against their land occupation by British.
7. Compare and contrast British and French systems of administration as practiced in Africa during colonial period.
8. Examine the factors for nationalism in Africa after the Second World War.
9. “Political changes which have been taking place in African states since the second half of the 1980s were a result of inevitable internal and external circumstances”.
10. Explain the objectives of the newly re-established East African Community and how Tanzania is likely to benefits from it.
ANSWER TO QN 5-10
5. Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom is a Kingdom in Western Uganda. It is ruled by the Omukama of Bunyoro. The current Omukama is H.M. Dr. Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I, the 27th Omukama (king) of Bunyoro-Kitara. The people of Bunyoro are known as Nyoro or Banyoro (Munyoro); the language spoken is Nyoro (also known as Runyoro).
5. Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom is a Kingdom in Western Uganda. It is ruled by the Omukama of Bunyoro. The current Omukama is H.M. Dr. Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I, the 27th Omukama (king) of Bunyoro-Kitara. The people of Bunyoro are known as Nyoro or Banyoro (Munyoro); the language spoken is Nyoro (also known as Runyoro).
It is a remnant of one of the most powerful empires in Central and East Africa from 13th century to the 19th century
The following were the factors for the rise of the Bunyoro – Kitara Kingdom
i. Long distance trade in the interlacustrine region.
Ivory was the major commodity of the trade. Bunyoro attracted traders from the north ( khartoumers) and the Swahili Arabs from the cost hence the rise of Bunyoro - Kitara Kingdom.
ii. Good leadership of Omukama Kabalaga
iii. Strong army of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom.
Strong army, abasusura of ten regiments, each of 1500 men who were under the direct command of the king and were largely equipped with guns.
iv. Conquest
v. Geographical location of Bunyoro -Kitara Kingdom.
vi. Availability of Iron in Bunyoro - Kitara Kingdom.
6. Nandi resistance was a small scale resistance fought between the Nandi tribe in Kenya against British in 1896-1905 following the British occupation or control over the Nandi’s land. Or Nandi resistance was a small scale resistance occurred in 1896-1905 when Nandi tribe in Kenya resisted against the British control over their land organized by a leader known as KOITALEL andORKOLYOT.
The Nandi resistance occurred since the British invaded and occupied [control] the Nandi land by constructing [build] telegraphic lines and railways along the Nandi rift valley land which were fertile for crop production and livestock keeping. The Nandi were not happy for the construction of that railway lines and termed or called”Iron snake”.
The following were the causes of Nandi resistance against British
i. Introduction of the railway lines along the Nandi land.
Nandi resisted against British because British constructed a railway line on the Nandi land which they defined on it for farming and livestock keeping.
ii. Land problems or alienation.
British took Nandi’s best and fertile land and gave it to the whites settlements as a result the Nandi fought against them.
iii. The Nandi’s pride.
The Nandi fought against the British because they believed that they were superior, strong and powerful socially, economically, politically, militarily and culturally hence did not want to be controlled.
iv. The pressure from Kimnyoles prophecy;
The Nandi decided to fight against the British because of the prophecy of the Kimnyole who foreseen the coming of foreigners on their land which made the Nandi to fight against the British after they arrived on their land.
v. The killing of the Nandi leader KOITALEL;
Nandi’s resisted against the British following the killing of their leader known as Koitalel when he was called in the meeting of stopping the resistance.
The following were the effects of Nandi resistance against British
i. The death of people.
Nandi resistance led to the massive loss of people’s lives including leaders such as Koitalel, Orkolyot and other warriors.
ii. British colonizing the Nandi land. The British defeated the Nandi during resistance as a result they took the Nandi land and made the Nandi to lost their sovereignty.
iii. Destruction or damage of properties.
The Nandi resistance led to the destroying of people’s properties including land, railways, telegraphic lines, killing of livestock, houses etc.
iv. Hunger and famine.
Nandi resistance led to the occurrence of hunger [food shortage] since resistance took many years and farms and cattle were killed during the fighting.
v. Migration of people.
The Nandi resistance led to the restless of people because during and after the resistance people run away or migrated to other areas.
vi. Land alienation.
Nandi resistance led to many Nandi people to remain landless since after the resistance British took Nandi’s fertile land.
vii. Nandi resistance led to the introduction of cheap labour, since those Nandi people had decided to be employed as cheap labours to the British settle farms.
viii. Over grazing of some area.
Nandi resistance led to the environmental degradation since the area which the Nandi pushed or migrated were not enough for cattle grazing.
7. British applied indirect rule as an administrative system. Indirect rule was an administrative system applied [adopted] by the British where by African traditional local rulers were allowed to participate in colonial administration by implementing the colonial policies. Indirect rule was British administrative system which used local rulers/ chiefs to implement British colonial policies.
Within indirect rule African local rulers [chiefs] were given chances or allowed to govern their fellow Africans through orders and supervision from British colonial government.
British indirect rule adopted in many African countries after being succeed to be implement in the Northern Nigeria in the 1900-1906 and the whole Nigeria between 1912-1920 by British governor known asLORD LUGARD. Therefore indirect rule was first introduced by the British governor Lord Lugard in Nigeria in 1912-1920.
French applied assimilation andassociation policy as an administrative system.
Assimilation policy was the French administrative system applied in her colonies which turned Africans to be like French citizens. African who were assimilated [changed/turned] to be French men were called ASSIMILADORS.
Association policy was the French administrative system which replaced assimilation policy which did not aim at turning Africans into French citizens instead it considered African culture.
The following were the comparisons between British and French system of administration
i. Both aimed at maintaining their colonial control so as to ensure their effective occupation.
ii. Both were exploitative systems since they aimed at preparing a ground for establishment of colonial economy.
iii. Both destroyed African culture since indirect rule(British system) and assimilation policy (French system) undermined [ignored] African culture such as language, education and norms.
iv. Both were oppressive since they based on forcing Africans to implement their laws and policies through cohesive apparatus such as police, army, prison, courts etc.
v. Both fractured to meet their demands because Africans did not accept Colonialism hence fought against colonialists.
vi. Both were in capitalist system.
vii. Both created classes.
viii. Both faced resistances.
The following were the contrast/differences between British and French system of administration
i. British applied indirect rule whileFrench applied assimilation policy.
ii. Indirect rule (British system) used local chiefs in administration whileassimilation (French system) did not prefer to use local chiefs.
iii. Indirect rule (British system) was cheap economically since it used local chiefs / rulers in administration while assimilation policy (French system) was very expensive since it used a lot of resources to transform Africans into Frenchmen.
iv. Indirect rule (British system) avoided resistance while assimilation policy (French system) met a lot of challenges from both Africans and the French men hence shift to association.
v. Indirect rule (British system) was easy to manage while assimilation rule (French system) was difficult to manage.
vi. Indirect rule (British system) needed small man power to manage whileassimilation (French system) needed large man power to implement their policies.
vii. Indirect rule (British system) did not aim at turning Africans whileassimilation policy (French system) aimed at turning Africans.
viii. Indirect rule (British system) considered African tradition whileassimilation policy (French system) did not consider African culture.
ix. Indirect rule (British system) did not face resistance while assimilation policy (French system) faced a lot of resistances.
8. Nationalism refers to as a movement or feeling based on common cultural aspiration that bind people together and finally leading to national Independence.
Nationalism in Africa (African Nationalism) was a desire of African people to rule themselves without being governed by the foreign people ( Western countries). During that time most of Africans wanted to be free from Europeans domination over African continent. Examples of nationalist in Africa were late JK. Nyerere, Kwame Nkrumah, Nandi Azikiwe, Jomo Kenyatta etc
The following were the factors for nationalism in Africa after Second World War
i. The colonial governments denied African the right to rule themselves.
The colonial governments used puppet African chiefs as African political leaders, hence majority of Africans were deprived of the right to elect their leaders democratically.
ii. The colonial governments introduced harsh and forced tax payment procedures to the Africans.
African workers were over exploited through payment of very low wages and salaries that made them live in devastating conditions. For example in Mozambique and Tanganyika messengers, teachers, clerks and soldiers worked in poor conditions and were lowly paid.
iii. Religious, the colonial government and other Europeans living in Africa were strongly against African traditional beliefs and forced Africans to join Christianity through their missionary teachings.
i v. They used their education and other skills acquired from the colonial system to demand independence and rebelled by formulating to know how to read, write and simple arithmetic while they maintained their African Cultural practices. Examples of independent schools are those formulated by the kikuyu in Kenya
v. The over exploitation of Africans by the colonial governments, After the end of the second world war, the colonial governments emphasized on the use of forced labour as an effect of the great depression which affected their economies in their home countries Great depression which affected their economies in their home countries.
vi. The rise of U.S.A and U.S.S.R
vii. Inability of colonial power to maintain their colonies
viii. The role of 1945 in Manchester conference
ix. The role of African soldiers who saved during the Second World War.
9. Political changes were the introduction of new political systems that could govern the newly independent countries.
There were so many political changes but the following were the main ones. These were introduction of single party system and Military rule/government.
The following were the reason of political changes since the second half of 1980s
i. Pressure from donor countries
ii. Corruption and mismanagement of public funds
iii. Pressure from IMF and World Bank
iv. Failure of military regime to bring progressive changes
v. The economic crisis of 1980s.
vi. Ending of cold war
10. The new East Africa Community was formed in 2000 after collapsed of East African co-operation in 1977. The new East Africa guided with the following principles mutual trust between the people of EAC states, peaceful co-existence and good neighborliness, peaceful settlement of disputes, Good governance, acceptance of principles of democracy, rule of law and respect for social justice, Co- operation for equal mutual benefit among the member states. Apart from Tanzania other member of East Africa Community are Kenya, Uganda, Southern Sudan, Burundi and Rwanda.
The following are benefits of Tanzania from the New East Africa Community
i. Tanzania increases the scope of the market.
ii. Through East Africa Community, Tanzania improve transport and communications.
iii. Opening of the way for free movement of people and goods within the EAC.
iv. Tanzania benefits from introduction of a common market.
v. Tanzania benefit from important forum where leaders in this region meet to discuss on this problems and other issues facing the region
vi. Tanzania benefit from Opening up of common ventures among the member states in the areas of education, science and research. For example the inter University council for East Africa ( IUCEA)
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